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Science diplomacy is the use of scientific collaborations among nations to address common problems and to build constructive international partnerships. Many experts and groups use a variety of definitions for science diplomacy. However, science diplomacy has become an umbrella term to describe a number of formal or informal technical, research-based, academic or engineering exchanges.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ql-Mtlx31e8 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://psaonline.org/article.php?id=620 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/video/President-Obama-Speaks-to-the-Muslim-World-from-Cairo-Egypt )〕 ==Types of activities== In January 2010, the Royal Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science noted that "science diplomacy" refers to three main types of activities: * “Science in diplomacy”: Science can provide advice to inform and support foreign policy objectives. * “Diplomacy for science”: Diplomacy can facilitate international scientific cooperation. * "Science for diplomacy”: Scientific cooperation can improve international relations. Before the term science diplomacy was coined, such initiatives—-in the United States—were often called “smart power” or “soft power” by those in the field. The term, “soft power,” was coined by Joseph Nye of Harvard University in a 1990 book, ''Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power''. In an editorial in the Washington Post that he cowrote with Richard Armitage, he said, "In a changing world, the United States should become a smarter power by once again investing in the global good -- by providing things that people and governments want but cannot attain without U.S. leadership. By complementing U.S. military and economic strength with greater investments in soft power, Washington can build the framework to tackle tough global challenges." His notion of "smart power" became popular with the term’s use by members of the Clinton administration, and more recently the Obama Administration. However, the Obama Administration also uses the term science diplomacy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Science diplomacy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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